Encoder and bitrate

This page covers the three settings that decide picture quality and how hard the machine has to work. It is also where the one genuine trap in this part lives: what the total bitrate actually means.

Encoder

Settings → Outputs → Encoder.

Choice
x264 (software)Encodes on the processor. Available everywhere, best quality per bit, and by far the most work for the machine.
Hardware encodersWhatever the machine’s graphics card offers — NVIDIA, Intel or AMD. They appear in the list by themselves.

Use the hardware encoder if there is one. It takes the encoding off the processor that is already busy rendering your playouts, and on a machine running two lines that difference is the difference between working and dropping frames.

x264 is the fallback for machines without a usable card, and the choice when quality at a low bitrate matters more than processor load.

Output size

The size the stream is sent at: the canvas size or a step below it, always in the canvas’s shape. Scaling down for the stream while composing at full size is normal: 1920×1080 canvas, 1280×720 stream.

Smaller costs less bitrate and less encoding. There is no point sending a size larger than your bitrate can carry — that is how you get a smeared picture on movement.

Total bitrate, and the trap

Total bitrate is video and audio together — what your server allows. The audio is taken out of it, not added on top.

What you type is what leaves the building: a server that permits 4000 kbit/s gets 4000.

The line underneath shows the split as you type: → video 3840 + audio 160 = 4000 kbit/s.

So raising the audio bitrate takes bitrate away from the picture. On a service with music, that trade is usually worth making; on speech, it is not.

Reasonable starting points

SituationSizeTotal
Speech, modest upload1280 × 7202500 kbit/s
General use1280 × 7204000 kbit/s
Music, plenty of upload1920 × 10806000 kbit/s

Set the total to what your upload can carry all the time, not to its peak. A stream that fits comfortably is worth more than one that is beautiful for twenty minutes and then falls apart.

The status block reports dropped frames — frames the network could not carry. If those appear, the bitrate is too high for the line, whatever the speed test says.